Atharvaveda(Atharva Veda)
The fourth and last of the four Vedas of Hinduism. It is also called “Brahma Veda” because its chief priest was Brahma.
Main characteristics and composition
- Period of Composition: Its composition is believed to be between approximately 1200 BC and 1000 BC .
- Division: It contains 20 kandas (books), 730 suktas (hymns) and about 6,000 mantras .
- Rishi: According to tradition, it was composed by the sages Atharva and Angira , hence it is also called ‘Atharvangiras’ Veda.
- Branches: Currently there are two main branches available: Shaunakiya and Paippalada .
ContentsUnlike the other three Vedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda), Atharvaveda focuses more on the problems of daily life and their solutions.
- Medicine and Ayurveda: It is considered the origin of Indian medicine ( Ayurveda ). It contains mantras related to herbs, treatment of diseases, and health protection.
- Witchcraft and Mantras: In this, mantras and tantra-mantras have been given to remove troubles, to conquer enemies and for hypnotism.
- Social and State Duties: It details the duties of the king, marriage rites, and funeral (funeral) rituals.
- Philosophical Thought: It deeply discusses the origin of the universe and the nature of Brahman. The famous Mundaka , Mandukya, and Prashna Upanishads are associated with this Veda.
Important Sukta
- Prithvi Sukta: It is considered to be the first great proclamation of reverence for the motherland and protection of the environment.
- Brahmacharya Sukta: Highlights the importance of acquiring knowledge and penance.
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